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Safety - page 25 • First aid - page 33 • Resistance management - page 41
Herbicides
Incorporation
Time
:
First incorporation within 24 hours; second incorporation can be either in the fall or spring. Do not incorporate
greater than 2 inches (5 cm) deep to avoid herbicide dilution.
Implement
:
Use a double disc or light duty cultivator plus harrows. Harrowing does not provide effective
incorporation if compacted soil prevents penetration of harrow teeth, if trash accumulates in harrow section or if
harrows bounce.
Application Tips
Calibrate equipment to deliver desired amount of product. Use only a hoe-drill or a double disc press drill to seed
barley or wheat into a Fortress-treated field. Do not apply to soil with less than 2% organic matter if it is to be seeded
to wheat. Do not apply Fortress for wheat on land that has been treated with trifluralin since June 1 of the previous
year.
Seeding
:
Flax, mustard and rapeseed can be seeded in treated layers. Barley and wheat are more sensitive and should
be planted 6.0 - 7.5 cm. Wheat must be seeded at least 1.0 cm below the treated layer. Do not seed deeper than
7.5
cm. To ensure an even crop stand, increase the usual seeding rate of barley and wheat by 10%. Seed into warm,
moist seedbed.
Fall surface application
:
Where fields are prone to water and/or wind erosion and fall tillage is therefore
undesirable, fall surface applications should be made after October 15 or within three weeks of soil freeze-up
(
average soil temperature at the 5 cm depth should be 4°C or less). Fall surface application should be made to
standing stubble, chemical fallow or summerfallow fields in a state of low soil erodibility. Avoid smooth, hard packed
soil conditions in summerfallow, which may allow granules to drift. Surface applications should not be made to
fields covered in snow or that have excessive crop residue, which will not allow granules contact with soil. Under
excessively warm and/or wet conditions between application and crop emergence, control may be reduced. For best
results under heavy wild oat infestations, use the incorporated treatments only.
How it Works
Absorbed by wild oat shoots and foxtail roots, usually resulting in death before emergence. Under dry conditions,
some wild oats and foxtail may emerge before being killed.
Expected Results
Weeds
:
Wild oats and foxtail die before they emerge. Weed control may be reduced under conditions of prolonged,
cool soil temperatures at the time of germination or extreme drought in spring.
Crops
:
Thinning in barley and wheat are known to occur under conditions of heavy rainfall and/or cold weather after
application and before crop emergence. In most cases, thinning is more than offset by tillering. Some thinning may
be noted on eroded knolls. Poor results may be expected if there is incomplete incorporation due to wet, cloddy soil
or heavy trash, very dry soil conditions in spring or prolonged cool soil temperatures at time of germination. Ridges
left by seeding may disrupt the treated layer and allow escapes.
Restrictions
Rainfall
:
Moisture is required for activation. Rainfall of at least 1.5 cm within 2 weeks of application in the spring is
required to ensure maximum performance.
Grazing
:
Grazing restrictions: Do not graze the treated crop or cut for hay; there are not sufficient data to support
such use.
Re-cropping
:
Under normal conditions, Fortress carryover will not harm crops grown in rotation. As a precaution,
tame oats, sugar beets, creeping red fescue and small-seeded grasses such as timothy and canary seed should not be
grown in rotation following a Fortress-treated crop.
Environmental Precautions
Do not apply this product directly to aquatic habitats. Do not contaminate irrigation or drinking water supplies or
aquatic habitats by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.
Runoff
:
Do not apply where runoff or erosion is likely to occur.
Leaching
:
The use of this chemical may result in contamination of groundwater, particularly in areas where soils are
permeable (e.g. sandy soil) and/or the depth to the water table is shallow.
Fortress (cont’d)